Microbiome and Obesity

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Speakers:

Dr. Marialena Mouzaki , MD, FRCPC
University of Toronto

Dr. Mouzaki is a Staff Gastroenterologist in the Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition at the Hospital for Sick Children. She is the Director of Clinical Nutrition at SickKids and an Assistant Professor at the University of Toronto. Dr. Mouzaki received her MD from the National and Kapodistrian Medical School of Athens, Greece and then went on to do her Residency Training in General Pediatrics at Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center in Pennsylvania. She completed her Fellowship Training in Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition at SickKids and obtained a Masters in Science from the Institute of Medical Sciences at the University of Toronto.

Presentation Overview/Abstract

Obesity is associated with dysbiosis and small intestinal bacterial overgrowth is common in overweight adults. Fecal transplantation experiments have underscored the critical role of intestinal microbiota in the development of obesity and its comorbidities, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Microbiota can contribute to obesity and metabolic dysregulation through direct involvement in appetite signaling, host gene expression, determination of calorie extraction from the diet, and regulation of insulin sensitivity. In addition, through effects on the intestinal barrier and cross-talk with the immune system, bacteria can contribute to inflammation, which can in turn exacerbate the metabolic dysregulation seen with obesity. All the interventions currently known to ameliorate the severity of obesity, such as lifestyle changes and bariatric surgery are associated with changes in intestinal microbiota composition. Targeting the gut microbiota may act as an adjunct to the management of obesity and its comorbidities.

***Original Source: "2017 Thematic Conference", Saturday, January 14, 2017

Length: 23:44

Type: Video

Last Updated: February 2, 2017