Muscle and fat tissue contributions to health and physical function

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Dr. Aubertin-Leheudre, Presentation Description

In the coming years, the elderly population will represent almost 20% of the world's population. Normal aging is associated with a loss of skeletal muscle mass (sarcopenia) and function (dynapenia [DY]) and an increase in fat mass which, if excessive, leads to obesity [O]. Studies have shown that DY is associated with physical disability, metabolic syndrome, and an increased risk of mortality. These deleterious consequences are further increased in obese elderly individuals. Indeed, O-DY subjects exhibit poorer functional capacity (FC) or worse metabolic syndrome (MS) than either O or DY individuals.

To counteract the adverse health effects, it has been proposed that physical activity interventions optimizing metabolic syndrome or functional capacities might prove extremely beneficial in O-DY individuals. Several studies have demonstrated that resistance training (RT) could improve body composition, muscle strength and insulin sensitivity in elderly women. Recent findings suggest power training (PT) as the best intervention to improve muscle mass, strength and quality in elderly individuals.

However, in the absence or presence of obesity, the muscle adaptation following exercise training could be different according to gender or type of exercise training. Thus, this presentation will show if prescribing a specific exercise training in O or O-DY will induce the same beneficial effects according to gender or type of exercise. Overall, this presentation will address whether obesity and dynapenia could interfere the efficiency of exercise adaptation.

Sylvia Santosa

Adipose Tissue Contribution to Metabolic Aging

Currently, we do not fully understand the mechanisms behind why some obese individuals develop disease and others do not. We do know that in humans upper body/android fat distribution is a risk factor for metabolic diseases including hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease and that children with greater adiposity are at risk of developing these diseases. This talk will explore how adipose tissue from different regions of the body contributes to advancement of metabolic aging.

***Original Source: "2017 Annual Conference", Saturday, May 27, 2017

Length: 0:55:43

Type: Video

Last Updated: June 26, 2017